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Books
Brodo, I. M., S. Duran Sharnoff & S. Sharnoff 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven & London. 795 pages
Goffinet, B, Hastings, R. 1994. The Lichen Genus Peltigera (Lichenized Ascomycetes) in Alberta. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Occasional Paper NO. 21. Edmonton.
Goffinet, B/ Miadlikowska, J/ Goward, T 2003: Phylogenetic inferences based on nrDNA sequences support five morphospecies within the Peltigera didactyla complex (lichenized Ascomycota). - The Bryologist 106(3): 349-364.
Goward, T 1999: The Lichens of British Columbia, Illustrated Keys. Part 2, Fruticose Species. - British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria. 319 pp
Goward, T/ McCune, B/ Meidinger, D 1994: The Lichens of British Columbia. Illustrated Keys. Part 1 - Foliose and Squamulose Species. - Special Report Series, 8, Research Program, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria. 181 pp.
Goward, T/ Goffinet, B/ Vitikainen, O 1995: Synopsis of the genus Peltigera (lichenized Ascomycetes) in British Columbia, with a key to the North American species. - Canadian Journal of Botany 73(1): 91-111
Halonen, P., P. Clerc, T. Goward, I. M. Brodo & K. Wulff. 1998. Synopsis of the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) in British Columbia, Canada. The Bryologist 101: 36-60.
Lindblom, L. 1997. The genus Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in North America. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 83: 75-172.
MCCune B, Geiser L. 2009. Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.
McCune B. & Rosentreter R. 2007, Biotic Soil Crusts of the Columbia Basin, Monographs in North America Lichenology Vol 1, Northwest Lichenologists, Corvallis, Oregon, 105 pp
Nash III T. H., B. D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. ( mainly for the genera Peltigera, Phaeophyscia, Flavopunctelia, Lobaria, Physciella, Punctelia, Ramalina, Solorina, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, Xanthomendoza, Xanthoria)
Nash III T. H., B. D. Ryan, C. Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), 2001. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Nash III T. H C. Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), 2007. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Nash III, T H 2008 Lichen Biology. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. viii+486 pages.
Nimis, PL, C Scheidegger and P Wolseley. (eds.) 2002 Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens. Nato Science Series. IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Purvis, W. 2000. Lichens. The Smithsonian Institution Press and the Natural History Museum, London.
Thomson, J. W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens 1. The Macrolichens. Columbia University Press, New York.
Thomson, J W 1997. American Arctic Lichens 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
Vitt, Dale H., J.E. Marsh, and R. Bovey. 1988. Mosses, lichens and ferns of northwest North America. Lone Pine Publications, Edmonton, Alta.